Exercise 8.3. Translate into English:

1. Вы хотите, чтобы дети играли здесь? 2. Вы хотите, чтобы мы встретились сегодня? 3. Вы ожидаете, работа будет сделана скоро? 4. Мы ожидаем, что они хорошо проведут у нас время. 5. Я хочу, чтобы он закончил эту работу. 6. Мы слышали, что она знает, когда мы сдаем экзамен. 7. Вы хотите, чтобы мы обсудили этот вопрос сегодня? 8. Мы ожидаем, что на этом месте будет построен новый дом. 9. Вы хотели бы, чтобы работа была сделана сегодня?

§2. Причастие и герундий. Их отличие

(Participle I)

Причастие I (причастие настоящего времени), образованное при помощи окончания -ing, имеет активную и страдательную формы:

активная (несовершенный вид) -- asking,

активная (совершенный вид) -- having asked.

страдательная (несовершенный) -- being asked,

страдательная (совершенный) -- having been asked.

Причастие I употребляется в функции:

1. Определения:

The man sitting at the table is our teacher. -- Человек, сидящий за столом -- наш учитель.

The houses being built in our town are not very high. -- Дома, строящиеся в нашем городе, невысоки.

2. Обстоятельства:

Going home I met an old friend. -- Идя домой, я встретил старого друга.

Having finished work I went home. -- Закончив работу, я пошел домой.

Причастие II (Participle II)

Причастие II (причастие прошедшего времени) всегда пассивно. Образуется оно прибавлением суффикса -ed к основе правильного глагола или путем чередования звуков в корне неправильного глагола.

Причастие II употребляется в функции:

1. Определения.

The book translated from English is interesting. -- Книга, переведенная с английского языка, интересная.

2. Обстоятельства (причины и времени):

Given the task he began to work. -- Когда ему дали задание он начал работать.

Употребление герундия и его отличие от причастия I

Причастие -- неличная форма глагола, промежуточная между глаголом и прилагательным:

The boy playing in the yard is my brother, -- Мальчик, (какой?) играющий во дворе, -- мой брат.

Герундий также является неличной формой глагола, промежуточной между существительным и глаголом:

Smoking is harmful. -- Курение (что?) вредно.

Иными словами, причастие--в большей степени «прилагательное» по своим функциям, герундий -- «существительное».

Герундий употребляется:

1. в качестве подлежащего:

Reading is useful.

2. как часть сказуемого после глаголов to finish, to start, to continue, to go on, to keep и др.

He started reading the book.

3. как предложное дополнение: I am fond of reading.

4. как прямое дополнение: Do you mind my reading here?

5. как обстоятельство времени: After reading he closed the book.

6. как обстоятельство образа действия: Instead of reading he went to the movies.

Активная форма герундия: giving, beating.

Пассивная форма герундия: being given, being beaten.

Exercise 8.4. Open the brackets using the gerund:

1. The grass in the garden is very dry, it needs (water). 2. It's very warm outside. You don't need (put on) yourcoat. 3. The house is old, and it wants (repair). 4. Famous people don't need (introduce) themselves. 5. The carpet is covered with dust, it needs (sweep). 6. The shoes are very dirty, they need (polish). 7. These shoes have a hole, they want (mend). 8. The table cloth is quite clean, it doesn't want (wash) yet. 9. The room needed (clean). 10. (learn) foreign languages is very useful. 12. I know my hair wants (cut) but I never have time to go to the hairdresser's. 13. John needed (cheer up) when he heard that he'd failed his exams. 14. You should tidy up the garden. -- Yes, it needs (tidy). The roses want (water), the peaches want (pick), the grass wants (cut).

UNIT 9

I. Звуки [au], [dr], [br], [gr], [tr], [fr], [r].

II. Text A: «My future profession»,

Text B: «The Future of the engineering profession»

III.§1. Придаточные предложения условия и времени, действие которых отнесено к будущему.

§2. Сослагательное наклонение в условных предложениях.

Text A: "MY FUTURE PROFESSION"

Hi, there! Here is Ann Sokolova again. I am afraid this will be my last meeting with you because I need to pack my suitcase. I am leaving for Sochi tonight. I have passed all the exams successfully and I'm free till the 1st of September.

As I have already told you, I was always good in mathematics and physics. My parents bought me a computer when I was in the 10th form. Since then I knew that I would become a specialist in computer technologies -- a computer engineer.

Computer industry is developing so fast, that it comprises almost all spheres of professional life. No business now is possible without computers. This is especially true about automated manufacturing of products and robotics. Computer control of automated production opens new horizons for the cheap and quality production of goods. Information is now generated, transmitted, received, and stored electronically through computer networks on a scale unprecedented in history, and there is every indication that the explosive rate of growth in this field will continue.

Computer engineering is a general field. It deals with both electric and electronic industries.

Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information.

Engineers in the field of electric and electronic engineering are concerned with all aspects of electrical communications, from fundamental questions such as «What is information?» to the highly practical, such as the design of telephone systems. In designing communication systems, engineers rely on various branches of advanced mathematics, such as Fourier analysis, linear systems theory, linear algebra, differential equations, and probability theory.

Engineers work on control systems which are used extensively in automated manufacturing and in robotics.

Major developments in the field of communications and control have been the replacement of analogue systems with digital systems; fibre optics are used now instead of copper cables. Digital systems offer far greater immunity to electrical noise. Fibre optics are likewise immune to interference; they also have great carrying capacity, and are extremely light and inexpensive to manufacture.

Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. The electronics of computers is the design and manufacture of memory systems, of central processing units, and of peripheral devices. The most prospective industry now is the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) and new computer architectures. The field of computer science is closely related to computer engineering; however, the task of making computers more «intelligent» (artificial intelligence), through creation of sophisticated programs or development of higher level machine languages or other means, is generally regarded as the dream of computer science.

One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. Engineers continue to work to fit greater and greater numbers of circuit elements onto smaller and smaller chips.

Another trend is towards increasing the speed of computer operations through the use of parallel processors and superconducting materials.

So, as you see, there are a lot of employment opportunities in my field. I don't worry about finding a job. The most important thing for me now is to study well and to graduate from the Academy.

Vocabulary:

to comprise -- включать в себя

automated manufacturing of products -- автоматизированное производство товаров

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